Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-AFBP) is a novel biomarker of liver disease. Liver enzymes levels are higher in the obese than the lean people; however the effect of intensive aerobic exercise (IAE) on liver enzymes in the obese and the lean people not well known. Thus the aim of the present study was to comparison of L-FABP concentration in the obese and lean men after one bout IAE.

Nine sedentary obese men (BMI: 33.7 ± 2.1 kg/m2; ± SD) and nine sedentary lean men (BMI: 17.6 ± 1.6 kg/m2; ± SD) volunteered to participate in this study. All the subjects were performed the Bruce test as the intensive aerobic exercise. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the IAE.

The results showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was higher in obese group than the lean group at the baseline (P<0.05). L-AFBP decreased and ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased after the IAE in the both groups (P<0.05). By comparison, the results indicated that the increase of ALT was higher in the obese group than the lean group (P<0.05); however, for L-AFBP and AST no significant differences were observed between two groups.

One bout IAE increases AST and ALT and decreases L-AFBP in the obese men same as lean men.

Intellectually disabled is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key neurotrophin regulating synaptic plasticity, neuronal differentiation and survival. The effect of exercise training on BDNF in intellectually disabled educable children is not well known. Thus the present study was conducted to examine the effect of 8 weeks selected Spark Motor Program on BDNF in intellectually disabled educable boys.

Twenty intellectually disabled educable boys participated in this study as the subject. The subjects were divided into experimental group (n=10) or control group (n=10) randomly. The experimental group was performed selected Spark Motor Program 3 days a week for 8 weeks.

The results showed that BDNF had not significant change after 8 weeks selected Spark Motor Program.

In summary, Spark Motor Program that selected in this study had not significant effect on BDNF in intellectually disabled educable boys.

Irisin is a recently identified exercise-induced hormone that increases energy expenditure. The effect of chronic aerobic training intensity on irisin concentration is not well known. Thus, we examine the effect of aerobic training intensity on irisin in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic Wistar rats.

Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Animals were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 in each group): control group (CON), diabetes group (D), diabetes and moderate-intensity exercise group (D + ME; running speed was set at 10-17 m.min-1), and diabetes and high-intensity exercise group (D + HE; running speed was set at 17-28 m.min-1). The rats in the exercise groups were made to run on the treadmill for 30 min per one day, 3 times a week, during 8 weeks.

The results indicated that serum irisin concentration was higher in the D + HE group than CON, D and D + ME groups (P<0.05) and no significant differences were observed between CON group and D + ME group.

Our findings suggest that that exercise intensity has an effect on exercise-induced irisin responses.

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been described as an adipokine that contributes to insulin resistance, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of present study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity on RBP4 levels in female athletes. Material & 30 female karate athletics were randomly assigned to one of the High intensity training group (HIT, n=10), moderate intensity training group (MIT, n=10), or control group (n=10). The HIT training group performed endurance training 3 days a week for 8 weeks at an intensity corresponding to 75-80% individual maximum oxygen consumption for 45 min. The MIT group performed endurance training at the same days, times and duration at an intensity corresponding to 50-60% individual maximum oxygen consumption for 45 min. Body mass and BMI increased (P<0.05) after 8 weeks HIT and MIT compared to the control group. For body fat percentage and maximal oxygen consumption there were no significant differences between the exercise groups and the control group. There were virtually no changes in body fat percentage, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and RBP4 levels after 8 weeks HIT and MIT. Serum RBP4 levels were not affected by 8 weeks HIT and MIT in female athletes.

Chronic kidney disease is a significant general disease, which affects a large number of people around the world. Chronic kidney disease is identified by blood test for creatinine, the blood levels of creatinine rises. The one main causes of chronic kidney disease is diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical activity on creatinine and metabolic syndrome (Mets) in females with transplanted kidney.

20 females with transplanted kidney 24.3 ± 2.5 years participated. Subjects were divided into two equal groups. Prior and after study both groups underwent a blood test to check creatinine, Insulin Resistance and metabolic syndrome. The experimental group conducted 8 weeks of submaximal activities and 3 sessions each week. To analyze the data independent and dependent t-test were used. To validate if the data distribution is normal, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was utilized.

The results show experimental group had decreased their total cholesterol (TC) (0.026), triglyceride (TG) (0.002), fasting blood Sugar (FBS) (0.026), creatinine (C) (0.043), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (0.02), insulin resistance (IR) (0.044) and increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.003), Also there were no changes of waist circumference (WC) (0.896) SBP (0.602) and DBP (0.0781) in both groups.

According to the results we can express eight weeks of Physical activity has a Decreasing significant effect on C and Mets. So it can be concluded that physical activity is useful for female with KT.

Pancreatic β-cells function and insulin sensitivity resistance were impaired in type 2 diabetes. Exercise training may improves these impairs, however, this is not well known. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on pancreatic β-cells function and insulin resistance in female patients with type 2 diabetes.

Twenty middle-aged women (age, 40 -50 years) with type 2 diabetes participated as the subject. The subjects were randomly assign to control group (n=10) or the training group (n=10). The subjects in the training group performed 30 to 45 min aerobic training on the treadmill with 60-75% of their maximum heart rate, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The subjects in the control group were instructed to maintain their normal physical activity throughout the study.

The results indicated that fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index decrease in the training group compare to the control group (P<0.05); however, pancreatic β-cells function has no significant change after the intervention.

In summary, it seems that aerobic training utilized in this study improves glucose entry into cells but it had not effective on pancreatic β-cells function.